Blog — Topological Qubits

Quantum computing is set to transform technology, tackling problems that classical computers struggle with—like encryption, drug discovery, and complex simulations. But why has building practical quantum computers been so difficult?

For years, the dominant approach relied on superconducting qubits, which required extreme cooling near absolute zero. This method, while groundbreaking, is expensive, bulky, and vulnerable to noise and imperfections—unwanted disturbances that cause errors.

Now, Microsoft is pioneering a new approach, using topological qubits based on Majorana fermions—exotic particles that offer natural stability against noise. Unlike traditional qubits that need massive refrigeration, topological qubits encode information in a way that is inherently resilient, making quantum computing cheaper, more scalable, and more reliable.

To understand quantum mechanics, we can use an analogy: truth and falsehood in superposition. Just as a rumor remains neither true nor false until verified, a quantum state exists in multiple possibilities until measured—a property that enables quantum computers to perform calculations exponentially faster.

This blog explores the old superconducting method, Microsoft’s material breakthrough, and why noise is the biggest challenge in quantum computing. Could this be the key to scalable, real-world quantum systems? Let’s dive in. 🚀